Predators Pests & Diseases

Submerged oxygenating plants :

He important plants can be quite simple planted in small plastic pots or baskets. If they are bought planted up they usually have a lead weight attached to them so that they usually have a  lead weight attached to them so that they sink to the bottom. If you plant them into your own pots in the garden, a weight such as a heavy  stone should  be tied to each pot. Alter naively  they can be weighted and dropped unpotted on to a half in. (1.25-cm) layer of washed gravel spread over the bottom of the pool,in which they will root. This method prevents becoming too invasive. As they have little root they can be planted at any time.

Deep marginal plant :

These are planted in polythene crates on bricks a few inches below the surface the water and gradually  lowered until they reach their required depth. Popular deep marginal plants are Appleton distances (Water Hawthorn), which requires a depth of about 12ins (31cm) and which must have its crown 6 ins (15cm) below the surface or the water in order to survive frost.

Floating plants :

Excellent representatives of this group are which is damaged by frost and should be winters indoors Hydrochloric Morse-range (Frog-bit) and Stratification alongside (water Soldier Or water cactus). These plants are merely placed on the surface of the water at any time during the growing season.

Water lilies :

These beautiful plants are planted  in crates supported on bricks so as to allow at first 3-6ins (7.5-15cm) of water above them. When they commence to grow they should be gradually lowered until they are at their right depth. When first planted, all the mature leaves and supply roots should be removed with a sharp knife.

Maintenance of aquatic plants :

Water lilies in containers must be re potted  between mid-March and June every three or four years.Marginal plants should be thinned and replanted periodically. In the autumn all excess growth and dead leaves etc. must be cut away from water plants with a sharp knife to prevent pollution. Water plants growing in baskets and pots should be fed with fertilizer from time to time. This may be done by placing  a ball about 1.5ins (3.75cm)  in  diameter, made of equal parts clay and bone meal, into the soil alongside the plant roots. Alternatively you can buy a proprietary  fertilizer in a perforated sachet, which is placed near the roots of the plants.

Pests :

Pests that attack aquatic plants are water-lily black fly water-lily beetle and brown chin marks moth. Fortunately these pests are consumed by the fish. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to hose them off plants so that the fish can get at them. 

Wild aquatic plants :

Do not introduce plants form rivers and streams into a garden pool, since plants from wild sources might bring diseases and parasites.

Bath

Fish have eyes with a very wide range of vision. Between the eyes the mouth, on the uppermost side of the head, are two small vents- nostrils, but the fish does not breathe through these. Instead they are used for smelling only and have nothing to do with the respiratory system. There is a faint line running on either side of the body of a fish, which is known as the lateral line. This consists of a series of highly sensitive cells, which, by means of records of pressure, indicate distance and warm of hazard. It is, fact, a built-in radar system. In addition, some fish gave balers, which are fleshy filaments hanging from their mouth, which they use as feelers.

Breathing :

Fish have a special mechanism in the shape of their gills for extracting oxygen from the water. The gills are positioned on either side of the head, a little behind the eyes. The vital parts of the gill, the gill  filament and the gill lamella,are protected by the gill cover. the water enters the gill by way of the mouth, which contain what amounts to a non-return valve preventing the water from flowing out. It leaves through the skin fold, which functions as a valve at the opening at the rear of the gill cover. Any food particles are sieved out by the gill rakes on the inside of the gill arch. The water then flows through the gill lamells, in which is a fine network of blood capillaries to absorb the oxygen in the water into the bloodstream of the fish.

THE SENES

Fish have eyes with a very wide range of vision. Between the eyes the mouth, on the uppermost side of the head, are two small vents- nostrils, but the fish does not breathe through these. Instead they are used for smelling only and have nothing to do with the respiratory system. There is a faint line running on either side of the body of a fish, which is known as the lateral line. This consists of a series of highly sensitive cells, which, by means of records of pressure, indicate distance and warm of hazard. It is, fact, a built-in radar system. In addition, some fish gave balers, which are fleshy filaments hanging from their mouth, which they use as feelers.

Breathing

Fish have a special mechanism in the shape of their gills for extracting oxygen from the water. The gills are positioned on either side of the head, a little behind the eyes. The vital parts of the gill, the gill  filament and the gill lamella,are protected by the gill cover. the water enters the gill by way of the mouth, which contain what amounts to a non-return valve preventing the water from flowing out. It leaves through the skin fold, which functions as a valve at the opening at the rear of the gill cover. Any food particles are sieved out by the gill rakes on the inside of the gill arch. The water then flows through the gill lamells, in which is a fine network of blood capillaries to absorb the oxygen in the water into the bloodstream of the fish.

PREDATORS, PESTS AND DISEASES

Submerged oxygenating plants

He important plants can be quite simple planted in small plastic pots or baskets. If they are bought planted up they usually have a lead weight attached to them so that they usually have a  lead weight attached to them so that they sink to the bottom. If you plant them into your own pots in the garden, a weight such as a heavy  stone should  be tied to each pot. Alter naively  they can be weighted and dropped unpotted on to a half in. (1.25-cm) layer of washed gravel spread over the bottom of the pool,in which they will root. This method prevents becoming too invasive. As they have little root they can be planted at any time.

Deep marginal plant

These are planted in polythene crates on bricks a few inches below the surface the water and gradually  lowered until they reach their required depth. Popular deep marginal plants are Appleton distances (Water Hawthorn), which requires a depth of about 12ins (31cm) and which must have its crown 6 ins (15cm) below the surface or the water in order to survive frost.

Floating plants

Excellent representatives of this group are which is damaged by frost and should be winters indoors Hydrochloric Morse-range (Frog-bit) and Stratification alongside (water Soldier Or water cactus). These plants are merely placed on the surface of the water at any time during the growing season.

Water lilies 

These beautiful plants are planted  in crates supported on bricks so as to allow at first 3-6ins (7.5-15cm) of water above them. When they commence to grow they should be gradually lowered until they are at their right depth. When first planted, all the mature leaves and supply roots should be removed with a sharp knife.

Maintenance of aquatic plants

Water lilies in containers must be re potted  between mid-March and June every three or four years.Marginal plants should be thinned and replanted periodically. In the autumn all excess growth and dead leaves etc. must be cut away from water plants with a sharp knife to prevent pollution. Water plants growing in baskets and pots should be fed with fertilizer from time to time. This may be done by placing  a ball about 1.5ins (3.75cm)  in  diameter, made of equal parts clay and bone meal, into the soil alongside the plant roots. Alternatively you can buy a proprietary  fertilizer in a perforated sachet, which is placed near the roots of the plants.

Pests 

Pests that attack aquatic plants are water-lily black fly water-lily beetle and brown chin marks moth. Fortunately these pests are consumed by the fish. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to hose them off plants so that the fish can get at them. 

Wild aquatic plants

Do not introduce plants form rivers and streams into a garden pool, since plants from wild sources might bring diseases and parasites.

Other Meances to Pond Life

Frogs :

Frogs are more a nuisance than a danger the fish, except  that on rare occasion fish are injured by colliding with them. If, however, they are allowed to breed they can reach a disturbance with  their croaking. they are prolific bedder an a pool can soon become rewed with tadpoles. these should be removed with a net. Frogs live most of the year near water, but in February congregate in ponds to breed.The best way of dealing with frosh is to cover the pool with a net, particularly during late winter and spring.

Toads :

Similarly, toads in a garden pool are more a nuisance than a menace, by filling it with tadpoles and by devouring food that is needed for the fish. They live mainly on dry land, but always return to the water in which they were born in late Mach and April for breeding. They can be kept out by covering the pond with a net.

Newts :

Newts can be a danger to fish because they include small fish in their diet. They live most the year on dry land but enter the water to breed in early spring and leave it again at the end of the breeding season.Although they are usually rather smaller than mature frogs and toads a net will stop them entering a fish pool.


Great pond snail :
Although most water snails do no harm, the great pond snail or fresh- water whelk should be removed from a pool if it appears because it does considerable damage to water plants. The snails can be recognized because they are longer (up to 2 ins / 6.25) then other water snails and they have a long narrow shell with a very pointed end. If any eggs appear on the water plants they should be hand-picked. The adult snails can be trapped by putting a lettuce or cabbage stump in the pool. This should be removed very frequently and any snails  on it shaken off.

Breathin & Feeding

 Breathin :
 Fish have a special mechanism in the shape of their gills for extracting oxygen from the water. The gills are positioned on either side of the head, a little behind the eyes. The vital parts of the gill, the gill filament and the gill lamella, are protected by the gill filament and the gill lamells, are protected by the gill cover . The water inters the gill by way of the mouth, which contains what what amounts to a non-return valve preventing the water from flowing out. It leaves through the skin fold, which functions as a valve at the opening at the rear of the gill cover Any food particles are sieved out by the gill rakes on the inside of the gill arch. The water then flows through the gill lamells, in which there is a fine network of blood capillaries to absorb the oxygen in the water into the bloodstream of the fish.
Feeding :Many fish are carnivorous, buy the they do not all prey on other fish. The most usual food consists of a variety of bottom-living and mid-water organisms, such as insert larvae, mollusk, small plank tonic crustaceans, etc. Some fish live on insects which fall on the water surface. Often, when these are plentiful, they do not touch other food. Some species of fresh-water fish live exclusively on vegetation. Carp and tench like to eat water plants. 

FRESH- WATER FISH

In general many types of fresh-water fish lack flavor, and in some cases they need to be served with plenty of flavoring and vegetables and herbs, such as onions, parsley and bouquet grain, and with piquant sauces. Straight boiling is the least desirable way of cooking.
In addition, some fish have a taste which, if not treated, is disagreeable to many people. Although carp, for example. are the subject of large-scale cultivation for culinary use in many countries and enjoy a reputation of being delicious, some people regard them as very poor food. This is largely because these fish grovel in the mud for their food  and actually suck into their systems appreciable quantities of mud. Some people consider that tench are similarly tainted. In fact, when this fish is coked it is recommended that the gills should be removed because they always contain mud.

Carp must not be cooked as soon as they are taken container through which ruining water is passing. This, it is claimed, removes any taint. Some cooks this fresh water with food that sis not likely to contaminate their flesh. The same treatment can be used on tench. Because of the lack of flavor of fresh-water fish, most cooks do not boil them but prefer to poach them. In general tems this means that the fish is placed into cold liquid, brought to the boil and allowed to simmer for about seven minutes for each 1b (454g).The liquid can be fish stock, milk, wine, cider, water or court bouillon. The latter might be fish stock blended with white wine, bouquet grain and seasoning.

Rainbow trout is excused form any criticism that its flesh is in any way tainted. It is regarded everywhere as a delicacy.But if this fish has any suspicion of a muddy flavor it can be dealt with in the same manner as carp and teach.